Decoded UPSC Syllabus

🧩 Decoded UPSC Prelims GS Paper 1 Syllabus – Subject-wise Breakdown

📘 1. History (Ancient, Medieval & Modern India)

🔹 Ancient & Medieval India

• Prehistoric cultures and Indus Valley Civilization
• Vedic Age, Mahajanapadas, Mauryan & Gupta Empires
• South Indian Kingdoms (Cholas, Pallavas, Chalukyas)
• Cultural developments: Art, Architecture, Religion, Philosophy
• Bhakti and Sufi Movements
• Sultanate & Mughal administration, architecture, and economy

🔹 Modern Indian History

• East India Company & British Expansion
• Revolt of 1857
• Social and Religious Reform Movements
• Indian National Movement (1885–1947)
• Important sessions of INC, Acts, Committees, Congress-League politics
• Revolutionary movements, tribal & peasant uprisings

🌍 2. Geography (Indian & World)

🔹 Physical Geography

• Earth structure, volcanoes, earthquakes
• Landforms, soil types, rocks
• Climatology: winds, rainfall, pressure belts
• Oceanography: currents, tides, ocean floor

🔹 Indian Geography

• Mountains, rivers, plateaus, plains, drainage
• Climate patterns and monsoon
• Soils, vegetation, agro-climatic zones
• Mineral and energy resources
• Population and economic geography

🏛️ 3. Indian Polity and Governance

• Constitution: features, amendments, Preamble
• Fundamental Rights, DPSPs, Fundamental Duties
• Parliament, President, Prime Minister, Judiciary
• State government, Federalism
• Panchayati Raj, Urban local bodies
• Election Commission, CAG, UPSC, Constitutional Bodies
• Recent Acts, Policies & Governance schemes

📈 4. Indian Economy

• Basic concepts: GDP, GNP, inflation, deficits
• Fiscal and monetary policy
• Budgeting, taxation, subsidies
• Economic reforms since 1991
• Banking, financial institutions, RBI roles
• Inclusive growth, poverty, unemployment
• Government schemes and economic surveys

🌳 5. Environment and Ecology

• Ecosystems, biodiversity, food chains
• Protected areas: national parks, wildlife sanctuaries
• Environmental pollution, climate change
• Conventions: UNFCCC, Kyoto, Paris Agreement
• Environment-related laws: EPA 1986, Forest Act
• Sustainable development, EIA
• Current issues (forest fires, microplastics, etc.)

🔬 6. Science and Technology

• Basics of Physics, Chemistry, Biology (relevant to current affairs)
• Space & Defence tech: ISRO missions, DRDO projects
• Biotechnology: GM crops, DNA tech, stem cells
• IT, AI, robotics, nanotech, 5G
• Health and medicine: vaccines, diseases, tech in health
• Science-in-news (from PIB, Science Reporter)

🗞️ 7. Current Affairs (Across Subjects)

• National & International news relevant to the syllabus
• Government schemes, policies, reports
• Awards, sports, books/authors
• Important institutions (NITI Aayog, IMF, WHO)
• Indices & rankings (HDI, GHI, etc.)